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== Domesticated animals ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Species and subspecies
! Wild ancestor
! data-sort-type="number" | Date
! Location of origin
! Purposes
! Image
! Changes from wild ancestor/ Notes
! Extent in the wild vs. captivity
! [[Taxon]] group
|-
|[[Dog|Domestic dog]] (''Canis familiaris'')<ref name=Gentry2004>{{cite journal |author1=Gentry, A. |author2=Clutton-Brock, J. |author3-link=Colin Groves |author3=Groves, C. P.  |year=2004 |title=The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives |journal=[[Journal of Archaeological Science]] |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=645–651 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006 |bibcode=2004JArSc..31..645G |url=http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/129/1297897712.pdf}}</ref>
|Extinct [[Pleistocene wolf|Pleistocene population]] of the [[Wolf|grey wolf]] (''Canis lupus'' ssp.)<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1101/gr.197517.115 |pmid=26680994 |pmc=4728369 |title=Worldwide patterns of genomic variation and admixture in gray wolves |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=163–173 |year=2016 |last1=Fan |first1=Zhenxin |last2=Silva |first2=Pedro |last3=Gronau |first3=Ilan |last4=Wang |first4=Shuoguo |last5=Armero |first5=Aitor Serres |last6=Schweizer |first6=Rena M. |last7=Ramirez |first7=Oscar |last8=Pollinger |first8=John |last9=Galaverni |first9=Marco |last10=Ortega Del-Vecchyo |first10=Diego |last11=Du |first11=Lianming |last12=Zhang |first12=Wenping |last13=Zhang |first13=Zhihe |last14=Xing |first14=Jinchuan |last15=Vilà |first15=Carles |last16=Marques-Bonet |first16=Tomas |last17=Godinho |first17=Raquel |last18=Yue |first18=Bisong |last19=Wayne |first19=Robert K. }}</ref>
|data-sort-value="-29999" |[[Origin of the domestic dog#Morphological divergence|13,000]] [[BCE]]<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1086/344372 |title=The Earliest Ice Age Dogs: Evidence from Eliseevichi 11 |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=795–799 |year=2002 |last1=Sablin |first1=Mikhail V. |last2=Khlopachev |first2=Gennady A. |s2cid=144574445 }}</ref><ref name=thalmann2013/>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[China]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ding|first1=Z.-L.|last2=Oskarsson|first2=M.|last3=Ardalan|first3=A.|last4=Angleby|first4=H.|last5=Dahlgren|first5=L.-G.|last6=Tepeli|first6=C.|last7=Kirkness|first7=E.|last8=Savolainen|first8=P.|last9=Zhang|first9=Y.-P.|date=May 2012|title=Origins of domestic dog in Southern East Asia is supported by analysis of Y-chromosome DNA|journal=Heredity|language=en|volume=108|issue=5|pages=507–514|doi=10.1038/hdy.2011.114|issn=1365-2540|pmid=22108628|pmc=3330686}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Guo-Dong|last2=Zhai|first2=Weiwei|last3=Yang|first3=He-Chuan|last4=Wang|first4=Lu|last5=Zhong|first5=Li|last6=Liu|first6=Yan-Hu|last7=Fan|first7=Ruo-Xi|last8=Yin|first8=Ting-Ting|last9=Zhu|first9=Chun-Ling|last10=Poyarkov|first10=Andrei D.|last11=Irwin|first11=David M.|date=January 2016|title=Out of southern East Asia: the natural history of domestic dogs across the world|journal=Cell Research|language=en|volume=26|issue=1|pages=21–33|doi=10.1038/cr.2015.147|issn=1748-7838|pmid=26667385|pmc=4816135}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Extensive Phenotypic Diversity among South Chinese Dogs|last1=Crapon de Caprona|first1=Marie-Dominique|last2=Savolainen|first2=Peter|date=2013|journal=ISRN Evolutionary Biology|volume=2013|pages=1–8|doi=10.5402/2013/621836|s2cid=56914841 |language=en|doi-access=free }}</ref>
[[Europe]]<ref name="thalmann2013">{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1243650 |pmid=24233726 |bibcode=2013Sci...342..871T |title=Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Ancient Canids Suggest a European Origin of Domestic Dogs |journal=Science |volume=342 |issue=6160 |pages=871–4 |last1=Thalmann |first1=O. |last2=Shapiro |first2=B. |last3=Cui |first3=P. |last4=Schuenemann |first4=V. J. |last5=Sawyer |first5=S. K. |last6=Greenfield |first6=D. L. |last7=Germonpré |first7=M. B. |last8=Sablin |first8=M. V. |last9=López-Giráldez |first9=F. |last10=Domingo-Roura |first10=X. |last11=Napierala |first11=H. |last12=Uerpmann |first12=H. -P. |last13=Loponte |first13=D. M. |last14=Acosta |first14=A. A. |last15=Giemsch |first15=L. |last16=Schmitz |first16=R. W. |last17=Worthington |first17=B. |last18=Buikstra |first18=J. E. |last19=Druzhkova |first19=A. |last20=Graphodatsky |first20=A. S. |last21=Ovodov |first21=N. D. |last22=Wahlberg |first22=N. |last23=Freedman |first23=A. H. |last24=Schweizer |first24=R. M. |last25=Koepfli |first25=K. -P. |last26=Leonard |first26=J. A. |last27=Meyer |first27=M. |last28=Krause |first28=J. |last29=Pääbo |first29=S. |last30=Green |first30=R. E. |display-authors=29 |year=2013 |hdl=10261/88173 |s2cid=1526260 }}</ref> in different places in Asia
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, leather, [[Salish Wool Dog|fiber]], hunting, herding, guarding, fighting, racing, working, rescuing, guiding, [[Police dog|policing]], draft, pack, sport, service, therapy, [[Detection dog|narcotics detection]], truffle harvesting, pest control, research, education, show, pets
|[[File:Pembroke Welsh Corgi 600.jpg|130px]]
| Tame (with exceptions),<ref name="Coppinger, Ray 2001">{{Cite book|author=Coppinger, Ray|title=Dogs: a Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution|year=2001|isbn=978-0-684-85530-1|publisher=Scribner|location=New York|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dogsstartlingnew00raym}}{{page needed|date=October 2018}}</ref> significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes as well
| Domestic and [[Free-ranging dog|feral dog]]s both very common,<ref name="Coppinger, Ray 2001"/> ancestor or nearest wild relative less common, but not rare
|'''1c''' ''Carnivora''
|-
|[[Goat|Domestic goat]] (''Capra hircus'')
|[[Bezoar ibex]] (''Capra aegagrus aegagrus'')
| data-sort-value="-10000" | 10,000 BCE<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1086/659307 |title=The Origins of Agriculture in the Near East |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=52 |pages=S221–S235 |year=2011 |last1=Zeder |first1=Melinda A. |s2cid=8202907 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.crvi.2010.12.009 |pmid=21377611 |title=The origins of animal domestication and husbandry: A major change in the history of humanity and the biosphere |journal=Comptes Rendus Biologies |volume=334 |issue=3 |pages=171–181 |year=2011 |last1=Vigne |first1=Jean-Denis |url=https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/biologies/articles/10.1016/j.crvi.2010.12.009/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eatwell.com/blog/2015/4/8/guard-goat|title=Guard Goat|access-date=2018-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072222/http://www.eatwell.com/blog/2015/4/8/guard-goat|archive-date=2018-01-23|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Iran]]
| style="text-align:center;"|milk, meat, fiber, skin, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, clearing land, show, pets
|[[File:Capra, Crete 4.jpg|130px]]
| Slight physical changes
| Common in captivity, threatened in the wild, feral populations common
|'''1b''' ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Domestic pig]] (''Sus domesticus'')
|[[Anatolian boar]] (''Sus scrofa libycus''),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/the-domestication-of-pigs-170665
|date=April 29, 2017
|title=The Domestication of Pigs - Sus scrofa's Two Distinct Histories
|publisher=[[ThoughtCo]]
|access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref> [[Northern Chinese boar]] (''Sus scrofa moupinensis'')<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.kaogu.cn/en/Research_work/Archaeological_sciences_and_tec/2013/1025/30259.html
|date=September 12, 2005
|title=Pig Domestication in Ancient China
|access-date=26 July 2017}}</ref>
| data-sort-value="-9005" | 9000 BCE<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=10747069 |pmc=1461048 |year=2000 |last1=Giuffra |first1=E. |title=The origin of the domestic pig: Independent domestication and subsequent introgression |journal=Genetics |volume=154 |issue=4 |pages=1785–91 |last2=Kijas |first2=J. M. |last3=Amarger |first3=V. |last4=Carlborg |first4=O. |last5=Jeon |first5=J. T. |last6=Andersson |first6=L. |doi=10.1093/genetics/154.4.1785 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1106927 |pmid=15761152 |bibcode=2005Sci...307.1618L |title=Worldwide Phylogeography of Wild Boar Reveals Multiple Centers of Pig Domestication |journal=Science |volume=307 |issue=5715 |pages=1618–21 |last1=Larson |first1=Greger |last2=Dobney |first2=Keith |author-link2=Keith Dobney |last3=Albarella |first3=Umberto |last4=Fang |first4=Meiying |last5=Matisoo-Smith |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Robins |first6=Judith |last7=Lowden |first7=Stewart |last8=Finlayson |first8=Heather |last9=Brand |first9=Tina |last10=Willerslev |first10=Eske |last11=Rowley-Conwy |first11=Peter |last12=Andersson |first12=Leif |last13=Cooper |first13=Alan |year=2005 |s2cid=39923483 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/ng.3394 |pmid=26323058 |title=Evidence of long-term gene flow and selection during domestication from analyses of Eurasian wild and domestic pig genomes |journal=Nature Genetics |volume=47 |issue=10 |pages=1141–1148 |year=2015 |last1=Frantz |first1=Laurent A F. |last2=Schraiber |first2=Joshua G. |last3=Madsen |first3=Ole |last4=Megens |first4=Hendrik-Jan |last5=Cagan |first5=Alex |last6=Bosse |first6=Mirte |last7=Paudel |first7=Yogesh |last8=Crooijmans |first8=Richard P M A. |last9=Larson |first9=Greger |last10=Groenen |first10=Martien A M. |s2cid=205350534 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiopetlady.com/radio-pet-lady-blog/info/the-pig-pet-idea-project-plausible-or-unimaginable/
|date=October 14, 2014
|title=The Pig Pet Idea Project: Plausible or Unimaginable?
|publisher=[[Radio Pet Lady Network]]
|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[China]], [[Western Asia]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, leather, tusks, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, truffle harvesting, weed control, research, show, pets
|[[File:Sow with piglet.jpg|130px]]
| Some physical changes
| Common in the wild, much more common in captivity, feral populations common in some areas
|'''1a''' ''Artiodactyla'' except ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Domestic sheep]] (''Ovis aries'')<ref name=Gentry2004/>
| Possibly the [[Armenian mouflon]] (''Ovis gmelini gmelini'')
| data-sort-value="-8900" | 9000 BCE to 8500 BCE<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.0801317105 |pmid=18697943 |pmc=2575338 |bibcode=2008PNAS..10511597Z |title=Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=105 |issue=33 |pages=11597–11604 |last1=Zeder |first1=Melinda A. |year=2008 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I22lDgAAQBAJ&q=jacob+sheep+guard&pg=PT23 |title = Animal Heroes: True Stories of Extraordinary Creatures|isbn = 9781786851369|last1 = Holt|first1 = Ben|date = 13 April 2017| publisher=Summersdale Publishers Limited }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Anatolia]], [[Iran]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, milk, fiber, leather, hides, pelts, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, ornamental, show, pets
|[[File:Pair of Icelandic Sheep.jpg|130px]]
| Some physical changes
| Common in captivity, threatened in the wild
|'''1b''' ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Cattle|European cattle]] or taurine cattle (''Bos taurus'')<ref name=Gentry2004/><ref>{{cite web |author1=Cailey Rizzo|title=Junkyard Owner Replaces Guard Dogs With Two Fighting Bulls Because It's Spain |url=https://www.travelandleisure.com/animals/junkyard-bulls-spain |website=www.travelandleisure.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Govan |first1=Fiona |title=Bulls replace guard dogs at scrap yard in Valencia |url=https://www.thelocal.es/20161026/bulls-replace-guard-dogs-at-scrap-yard-in-valencia |website=www.thelocal.es |date=26 October 2016}}</ref>
|[[Aurochs|Eurasian aurochs]] (''Bos primigenius primigenius'')†
| data-sort-value="-8000" | 8000 BCE<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1006/jaar.1998.0319 |title=Nabta Playa and its Role in Northeastern African Prehistory |journal=Journal of Anthropological Archaeology |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=97–123 |year=1998 |last1=Wendorf |first1=Fred |last2=Schild |first2=Romuald }}</ref><ref>Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France
{{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://palissy.humana.univ-nantes.fr/LABOS/UMR/serveur/recherche/pruvost.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626225631/http://palissy.humana.univ-nantes.fr/LABOS/UMR/serveur/recherche/pruvost.html|archive-date=2009-06-26|access-date=2009-04-17}}, {{in lang|fr}}.</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[China]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131108091027.htm|title=Origins of cattle farming in China uncovered|website=ScienceDaily|language=en|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref> [[Western Asia]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, milk, leather, hides, fiber, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, draft, mount, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, weed control, worship,  show, pets 
|[[File:Koe in weiland bij Gorssel.JPG|130px]]
| Some physical changes
| Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral populations fairly common
|'''1b''' ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Zebu]], Brahman cattle, indicine cattle or humped cattle (''Bos indicus'')<ref name=Gentry2004/>
|[[Indian aurochs]] (''Bos primigenius namadicus'')†
| data-sort-value="-8000" | 8000 BCE
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Indian Subcontinent]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, milk, leather, hides, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, show, pets 
|[[File:Female zebu cattle.JPG|130px]]
| Considerable physical changes
| Common in captivity, wild relatives extinct
|'''1b''' ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Cat|Domestic cat]] or house cat (''Felis catus'')<ref name=Gentry2004/>
|[[African wildcat|North African wildcat]] (''Felis lybica lybica'')<ref name=Driscoll07>{{Cite journal |last1=Driscoll |first1=C. A. |last2=Menotti-Raymond |first2=M. |last3=Roca |first3=A. L. |last4=Hupe |first4=K. |last5=Johnson |first5=W. E. |last6=Geffen |first6=E. |last7=Harley |first7=E. H. |last8=Delibes |first8=M. |last9=Pontier |first9=D. |last10=Kitchener |first10=A. C. |last11=Yamaguchi |first11=N. |last12=O'Brien |first12=S. J. |last13=Macdonald |first13=D. W. |title=The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=317 |issue=5837 |date=2007 |pages=519–523 |issn=0036-8075 |doi=10.1126/science.1139518 |pmc=5612713 |pmid=17600185|bibcode=2007Sci...317..519D }}</ref>
| data-sort-value="-7900" | 8000–7500 BCE<ref name=Driscoll07/>
| style="text-align:center;"|the [[Near East]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, pelts, pest control, research, [[Show cat|show]], pets
|[[File:Jammlich crop.jpg|130px]]
| Tame, some physical changes
| Very abundant in captivity; true wildcat species less abundant, though not rare, [[Feral cat|feral]] populations very common
|'''1c''' ''Carnivora''
|-
|[[Chicken|Domestic chicken]] (''Gallus gallus domesticus'')
|[[Red junglefowl#Taxonomy and systematics|Bangladesh red junglefowl]] (''Gallus gallus murghi'') with some contribution from the [[grey junglefowl]] (''Gallus sonneratii'')
| data-sort-value="-6000" | 6000 BCE<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1079/WPS19890012 |title=Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication |journal=World's Poultry Science Journal |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=205–218 |year=1989 |last1=West |first1=Barbara |last2=Zhou |first2=Ben-Xiong }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Indian subcontinent|India]] and [[Southeast Asia]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, eggs, feathers, leather, manure, guarding, alarming, fighting, racing, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets
|[[File:Poltava chicken breed female.jpg|130px]]
| Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes
| Very common in the wild and in captivity
|'''2b''' ''Galliformes''
|-
|[[Guinea pig]] (''Cavia porcellus'')
|[[Montane guinea pig]] (''Cavia tschudii'')
| data-sort-value="-5000" | 5000 BCE
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets
|[[File:Caviaklein.jpg|130px]]
| Tame, slight physical changes
| Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity
|'''1d''' ''Rodentia''
|-
|[[Donkey|Domestic donkey]], domestic ass or burro (''Equus asinus'')
|[[African wild ass]] (''Equus africanus''), including subspecies [[Nubian wild ass|Nubian]] (''E. a. africanus'') and [[Somali wild ass]] (''E. a. somaliensis'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/identity-of-pompeii%E2%80%99s-mystery-horse-revealed
|date=December 17, 2010
|title=Identity of Pompeii's mystery horse revealed 
|publisher=[[University of Cambridge]]
|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref>
| data-sort-value="-5000" | 5000 BCE<ref>{{cite journal |author=Beja-Pereira, Albano|title=African Origins of the Domestic Donkey |journal=Science |volume=304 | issue=1781 |page=1781 |date=18 June 2004 |doi=10.1126/science.1096008| pmid=15205528|s2cid=12783335 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>Roger Blench,
 {{cite web|url= http://www.animaltraction.net/donkeys/donkeys-blench-history.pdf |title=The history and spread of donkeys in Africa }}&nbsp;{{small|(235&nbsp;KB)}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Nubia]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, milk, manure, working, plowing, guarding, racing, draft, pack, mount, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets
|[[File:Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg|130px]]
| Slight physical changes
| Somewhat common in captivity and as feral populations, wild relatives critically endangered
|'''1e''' ''Other mammals''
|-
|[[Gayal]] (''Bos frontalis'')<ref name=Gentry2004/>
|[[Gayal]] (''Bos frontalis'') with significant [[introgression]] from other ''Bos'' species<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wu1 |first1=Dong-Dong |last2=Ding |first2=Xiang-Dong |last3=Wang |first3=Sheng|last4=Wójcik |first4=Jan M.|last5=Zhang |first5=Yi|last6=Tokarska |first6=Małgorzata|last7=Li |first7=Yan|last8=Wang |first8=Ming-Shan|last9= Faruque|first9=Omar|last10=Nielsen |first10=Rasmus|last11=Zhang |first11=Qin|last12=Zhang |first12=Ya-Ping |date=July 2018 |title=Pervasive introgression facilitated domestication and adaptation in the Bos species complex |url=https://nielsen-lab.github.io/pdfs/papers/bos.pdf |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |volume=2 |issue=7 |pages=1139–1145 |doi=10.1038/s41559-018-0562-y |pmid=29784979 |s2cid=29154258 |access-date=10 December 2022}}</ref>
| data-sort-value="-5000" | 5000 BCE<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mondal |first1=Mohan  |last2=Baruah |first2=K K|last3=Rajkhowa |first3=C |date=1 January 2014 |title=Mithun: An Animal of Indian Pride |url=http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd26/1/mond26006.html#:~:text=Mithun%20is%20considered%20as%20the,an%20individual%20in%20the%20society. |journal=Livestock Research for Rural Development |volume= 26|issue=1 |pages=6 |access-date=10 December 2022}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Southeast Asia]], [[Northeast India]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, milk, horns, dung
|[[File:Bos gaurus (Gayal) male.JPG|130px]]
| Slight physical changes
| Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild
|'''1b''' ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Domestic duck]] (''Anas platyrhynchos domesticus'')
|[[Mallard|Common mallard]] (''Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos'')
| data-sort-value="-4000" | 4000 BCE
| style="text-align:center;"|[[China]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets
|[[File:Pekin Ducks cropped.jpg|130px]]
| Considerable physical changes
| Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild
|'''2a''' ''Anseriformes''
|-
|[[Water buffalo|Domestic water buffalo]] (''Bubalus bubalis'')<ref name=Gentry2004/>
|[[Wild water buffalo]] (''Bubalus arnee'')
| data-sort-value="-4000" | 4000 BCE
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Indian Subcontinent|India]], [[China]], the [[Philippines]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, mount, lawn mowing, show
|[[File:Water Buffalo, Phayao Lake.jpg|130px]]
| Mainly unchanged from the wild animal
| Common in captivity, endangered in the wild, feral populations common in parts of Australia and South America<ref name=Cockrill1977>{{cite book |author=Cockrill, W. R. |year=1977 |url=http://www4.zetatalk.com/docs/Animal_Power/The_Water_Buffalo_1977.pdf |title=The water buffalo |publisher=Animal Production and Health Series No. 4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |location=Rome |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616141330/http://www4.zetatalk.com/docs/Animal_Power/The_Water_Buffalo_1977.pdf |archive-date=June 16, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Long, J. L. |year=2003 |title=Introduced Mammals of the World: Their History, Distribution and Influence |publisher=Csiro Publishing |location=Collingwood, Australia |isbn=9780643099166}}</ref>
|'''1b''' ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Dromedary]] or Arabian camel (''Camelus dromedarius'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://metro.co.uk/2015/06/11/bad-news-for-anyone-who-likes-to-drink-camel-urine-5240920/
|date=June 11, 2015
|title=This is why people drink camel urine
|publisher=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]
|access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref>
|Unknown
| data-sort-value="-4000" | 4000 BCE
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Arabia]], the [[Horn of Africa]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, milk, urine, racing, hunting, pack, mount, show, pets
|[[File:Camelcalf-feeding.jpg|130px]]
| Tame, few physical changes
| Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant [[Australian feral camel|feral population in Australia]], truly wild dromedaries may be extinct
|'''1a''' ''Artiodactyla'' except ''Bovidae''
|-
||[[Western honey bee]] (''Apis mellifera'') including [[List of Apis mellifera subspecies|subspecies]] [[European dark bee|German]] (''A. m. mellifera''), [[Italian bee|Italian]] (''A. m. ligustica''), [[Carniolan honey bee|Carniolan]] (''A. m. carnica''), [[Caucasian honey bee|Caucasian]] (''A. m. caucasia''), [[Greek bee|Greek]] (''A. m. cecropia''), [[Apis mellifera sahariensis|Saharan]] (''A. m. sahariensis'') and [[Apis mellifera lamarckii|Egyptian honey bee]]s (''A. m. lamarckii'')
| align="center" |-
| data-sort-value="-4000" | 4000 BCE <small>(the modern era for ''A. m. mellifera'', the 1880s for ''A. m. ligustica'', uncertain for ''A. m. carnica'', ''A. m. caucasia'', ''A. m. cecropia'', ''A. m. sahariensis'' and ''A. m. lamarckii'')</small>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Europe]] (including [[Germany]], [[Italy]], [[Greece]], [[Slovenia]] and the [[United Kingdom]]), [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[North Africa]]
| style="text-align:center;"|honey, wax, propolis, bee brood, royal jelly, venom, pollen, pollination, research
|[[File:Bee-apis.jpg|130px]]
| Some physical and behavioral changes, actual domestication status is still a point of contention<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species}}</ref>
| Very common in captivity, feral populations common, extent of status in the wild unclear; see [[Western honey bee#Domestication|Western honey bee]] for details
|'''6a''' ''Hymenoptera''
|-
|[[Horse|Domestic horse]] (''Equus caballus'')
|Extinct unknown population of the [[wild horse]] (''Equus ferus''), possibly the [[tarpan]] or European wild horse (''E. f. ferus'')†<ref>{{cite web|url=http://genestogenomes.org/the-genetic-history-of-horses/
|date=November 7, 2016
|title=The Genetic History of Horses
|publisher=[[Genes to Genomes]]
|access-date=22 August 2017}}</ref>
| data-sort-value="-3500" | 3500 BCE<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1168594 |pmid=19265018 |bibcode=2009Sci...323.1332O |title=The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking |journal=Science |volume=323 |issue=5919 |pages=1332–5 |last1=Outram |first1=Alan K. |last2=Stear |first2=Natalie A. |last3=Bendrey |first3=Robin |last4=Olsen |first4=Sandra |last5=Kasparov |first5=Alexei |last6=Zaibert |first6=Victor |last7=Thorpe |first7=Nick |last8=Evershed |first8=Richard P. |year=2009 |s2cid=5126719 }} see also [[Domestication of the horse]]</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Kazakhstan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|milk, meat, hair, manure, working, plowing, fighting, racing, servicing, guiding, draft, pack, mount, execution, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets
|[[File:Nokota Horses cropped.jpg|130px]]
| Tame, some physical changes, mainly in colouration
| Common in captivity, very rare in the wild, feral populations common
|'''1e''' ''Other mammals''
|-
|[[Bali cattle]] (''Bos javanicus domesticus'')
|[[Banteng]] (''Bos javanicus'') <ref name="BaliCattle1"/>
| data-sort-value="-3500" | 3500 BCE<ref name="BaliCattle1">{{Cite journal|last1=Mohamad|first1=Kusdiantoro|last2=Olsson|first2=Mia|last3=van Tol|first3=Helena T. A.|last4=Mikko|first4=Sofia|last5=Vlamings|first5=Bart H.|last6=Andersson|first6=Göran|last7=Rodríguez-Martínez|first7=Heriberto|last8=Purwantara|first8=Bambang|last9=Paling|first9=Robert W.|date=2009-05-13|title=On the Origin of Indonesian Cattle|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=4|issue=5|pages=e5490|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0005490|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2677627|pmid=19436739|bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.5490M|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|Bali, [[Indonesia]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, draft, show
|[[File:Banteng Domesticated Bali Bull.PNG|130px]]
| Slight physical changes
| Common in captivity, endangered in the wild
|'''1b''' ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Bombyx mori|Domestic silkmoth]] (''Bombyx mori'')
|[[Bombyx mandarina|Wild silkmoth]] (''Bombyx mandarina'')
| data-sort-value="-3000" | 3000 BCE
| style="text-align:center;"|[[China]]
| style="text-align:center;"|silk, animal feed, pets
|[[File:Silkworms3000px.jpg|130px]]
| Tame/held in captivity, some physical changes
| Fairly common in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear
|'''6b''' ''Other insects''
|-
|[[Domestic pigeon]] (''Columba livia domestica'')
|[[Rock dove]] (''Columba livia'')
| data-sort-value="-3000" | 3000 BCE
| style="text-align:center;"|the [[Mediterranean Basin]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, manure, racing, messenger, ornamental, show, pets
|[[File:Homing pigeon.jpg|130px]]
| Artificially selected and bred into many varieties including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds and fancy plumage breeds
| Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral populations extremely abundant
|'''2c''' ''Columbiformes''
|-
|[[Domestic goose]] and [[Swan goose|domestic swan goose]] (''Anser anser domesticus'' and ''Anser cygnoides domesticus'')
|[[Greylag goose]] (''Anser anser'') and [[swan goose]] (''A. cygnoides'')
| data-sort-value="-3000" | 3000 BCE for ''A. anser'', date uncertain for ''A. cygnoides''<ref>Buckland, R., & Guy, G. (2002). ''Goose Production''. Chapter 1: [http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y4359E/y4359e03.htm Origins and Breeds of Domestic Geese]. FAO Agriculture Department.</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Egypt]] (''A. anser''), [[China]] (''A. cygnoides'')
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, weed control, show, pets 
|[[File:Neugierige Hausgans.JPG|130px]]
| Considerable physical changes
| Common in the wild and in captivity
|'''2a''' ''Anseriformes''
|-
|[[Domestic yak]] (''Bos grunniens'')<ref name=Gentry2004/>
|[[Wild yak]] (''Bos mutus'')
| data-sort-value="-2500" | 2500 BCE
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Tibet]], [[Nepal]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, milk, fiber, horns, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, pack, mount, show, pets 
|[[File:The Yak.jpg|130px]]
| Tame, slight physical changes
| Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild
|'''1b''' ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Bactrian camel|Domestic Bactrian camel]] (''Camelus bactrianus'')
|[[Wild Bactrian camel]] (''Camelus ferus'')
| data-sort-value="-2500" | 2500 BCE
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Central Asia]] ([[Afghanistan]])
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, milk, hair, dung, pack, mount, show, pets
|[[File:Temee.jpg|130px]]
| Tame, few physical changes
| Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild
|'''1a''' ''Artiodactyla'' except ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Llama]] (''Lama glama'')<ref name=Gentry2004/>
|[[Guanaco#Subspecies|Guanaco]] (''Lama guanicoe cacsilensis'')<ref name="books.google">A. Rosati, C. Mosoni and A. Tewolde. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=CkCsgtbV0NEC&dq=lama+guanicoe+cacsilensis+domestication&pg=PA204]''</ref>
| data-sort-value="-2400" | 2400 BCE<ref name="wichita1">D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. ''[http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/bitstream/10057/1824/1/LAJ+2B21_p42-54.pdf Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World]''</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]], [[Bolivia]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, fiber, manure, working, guarding, racing, draft, pack, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets 
|[[File:Pack llamas posing near Muir Trail.jpg|130px]]
| Slight physical changes
| Fairly common in the wild and in captivity
|'''1a''' ''Artiodactyla'' except ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Alpaca]] (''Lama pacos'')<ref name=Gentry2004/>
|[[Vicuña#Subspecies|Vicuña]] (''Lama vicugna mensalis'')<ref name="books.google"/>
| data-sort-value="-2400" | 2400 BCE<ref name="wichita1"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]], [[Bolivia]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, milk, fiber, manure, guarding, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets
|[[File:Corazon Full.jpg|130px]]
| Considerable physical changes
| Fairly common in the wild and in captivity
|'''1a''' ''Artiodactyla'' except ''Bovidae''
|-
|[[Domestic guineafowl]] (''Numida meleagris domesticus'')
|[[Helmeted guineafowl#Subspecies|West African helmeted guineafowl]] (''Numida meleagris galeatus'')
| data-sort-value="-2400" | 2400 BCE<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecozynest.com/guinea_fowl.htm|title=Thecozynest.com Is For Sale|website=www.thecozynest.com|access-date=2010-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623052252/http://www.thecozynest.com/guinea_fowl.htm|archive-date=2010-06-23|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[West Africa]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, eggs, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, show, pets 
|[[File:Domesticated Guineafowl - geograph.org.uk - 543901.jpg|130px]]
| Mainly unaltered from the wild population
| Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity
|'''2b''' ''Galliformes''
|-
|[[Fuegian dog]] or Yaghan dog†<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Petrigh |first1=Romina S. |last2=Fugassa |first2=Martín H. |date=13 December 2013 |title=Molecular identification of a Fuegian dog belonging to the Fagnano Regional Museum ethnographic collection, Tierra del Fuego. |url=http://fulltext.study/preview/pdf/1041543.pdf |journal=Quaternary International |volume=317 |pages=14–18 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2013.07.030 |bibcode=2013QuInt.317...14P |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220121042/http://fulltext.study/preview/pdf/1041543.pdf |access-date=12 December 2022|archive-date=2016-12-20 }}</ref>
|[[Culpeo]] or Andean fox (''Lycalopex culpaeus'')
| data-sort-value="-9999"|date uncertain<ref>Martial, L., (2005). Mision al Cabo de Hornos, la expedición científica francesa en la Romanche Julio de 1882 a setiembre de 1883. Ushuaia: Zaguier & Urruty Publications . pp. 225</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Argentina]], [[Chile]]
| style="text-align:center;"|hunting, guarding, warmth, pets
|[[File:Fuegian dog (1863).jpg|130px]]
| Tame, slight physical changes 
| Extinct in captivity, but common in the wild
|'''1c''' ''Carnivora''
|-
|[[Ferret|Domestic ferret]] (''Mustela furo'')
|[[European polecat]] (''Mustela putorius'')
| data-sort-value="-1500" | 1500 BCE<ref>{{cite web | last = Glover | first = James | title = The Ancestry Of The Domestic Ferret | publisher = PetPeoplesPlace.com | url = http://www.petpeoplesplace.com/resources/advice/small/117-ancestry-of-domestic-ferret.htm | access-date = 2006-09-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102407/http://www.petpeoplesplace.com/resources/advice/small/117-ancestry-of-domestic-ferret.htm | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[North Africa]]
| style="text-align:center;"|hunting, racing, pest control, show, pets
|[[File:Ferret 2008.png|130px]]
| Tame, slight physical changes
| Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild, feral populations rare
|'''1c''' ''Carnivora''
|-
||[[Domestic Muscovy duck]] (''Cairina moschata domestica'')
|[[Muscovy duck|Wild Muscovy duck]] (''Cairina moschata sylvestris'')
| data-sort-value="-690" | 700–600 BCE<ref name="wichita1"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[South America]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets 
|[[File:MuscovyDuck.jpg|130px]]
| Tame, some physical changes
| Common in captivity, feral populations rare
|'''2a''' ''Anseriformes''
|-
|[[Barbary dove]] or ringed turtle dove (''Streptopelia risoria'')
|[[African collared dove]] (''Streptopelia roseogrisea'')
| data-sort-value="-500" | 500 BCE
| style="text-align:center;"|[[North Africa]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, show, pets
|[[File:Feral Barbary Dove.jpg|130px]]
| Slight physical changes
| Common in both captivity and feral populations
|'''2c''' ''Columbiformes''
|-
|[[Domestic turkey]] (''Meleagris gallopavo domesticus'')
|[[Wild turkey#South Mexican wild turkey (M. g. gallopavo) (Linnaeus, 1758)|South Mexican wild turkey]] (''Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo'')
| data-sort-value="180" | 180 [[Common Era|CE]]<ref name="wichita1"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Mexico]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets
|[[File:White turkeys.jpg|130px]]
| Considerable physical changes
| Common in the wild and in captivity
|'''2b''' ''Galliformes''
|-
|[[Goldfish]] (''Carassius auratus'')
|[[Prussian carp]] ''(Carassius gibelio)''
| data-sort-value="300" | 300 CE to 400 CE
| style="text-align:center;"|[[China]]
| style="text-align:center;"|racing, pest control, ornamental, show, pets
|[[File:Gullfiskur.jpg|130px]]
| Tame, significant physical changes
| Very common and abundant in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear
|'''5a''' ''Cyprinidae''
|-
|[[Domestic rabbit]] (''Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus'')
| [[European rabbit#Iberian rabbit|Iberian rabbit]] (''Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2014-08-reveals-wild-rabbits-genetically.html
|date=August 28, 2014
|title=New study reveals how wild rabbits were genetically transformed into tame rabbits
|publisher=[[Phys]]
|access-date=6 July 2017}}</ref>
| data-sort-value="600" | 600 CE<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.albc-usa.org/news/sept1a_05.html|title=American Livestock Breeds Conservancy News|website=www.albc-usa.org}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Europe]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, fiber, pelts, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets
|[[File:EnglishSpotRabbitChocolate1(cropped).jpg|130px]]
| Tame, significant physical changes
| Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range
|'''1e''' ''Other mammals''
|-
|[[Koi]] (''Cyprinus rubrofuscus'')
|[[Cyprinus rubrofuscus|Amur carp]] (''Cyprinus rubrofuscus'')
| data-sort-value="1000" | the 11th century [[Common Era|CE]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Japan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|ornamental, show, pets
|[[File:Ojiya Nishikigoi no Sato ac (3).jpg|130px]]
| Tame, considerable physical changes
| Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild
|'''5a''' ''Cyprinidae''
|-
|-
|[[Japanese quail]] (''C. japonica'') or [[Domesticated quail]]
|[[Common quail|Common quail]] (''C. coturnix'')
| data-sort-value="1000" | the 11~12th century [[Common Era|CE]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Japan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|meat, eggs, research, pets
|[[File:Japanese Quail.jpg|130px]]
| considerable physical changes
| Common in the wild and in captivity
|'''2b''' ''Galliformes''
|-
|[[Domestic canary]] (''Serinus canaria domestica'')
|[[Atlantic canary|Wild canary]] (''Serinus canaria canaria'')
| data-sort-value="1450" | the 15th century [[Common Era|CE]]
| style="text-align:center;"|the [[Canary Islands]], [[Europe]]
| style="text-align:center;"|coal mining, fighting, research, show, pets
|[[File:Zwei Kanarienvögel.JPG|130px]]
| Slight physical changes
| Common in the wild and in captivity
|'''2d''' ''Passeriformes''
|-
|[[Society finch]] or Bengalese finch (''Lonchura striata domestica'')
|[[White-rumped munia]] or striated finch (''Lonchura striata swinhoei'') with some contribution from the [[Indian silverbill]] or white-throated munia (''Euodice malabarica'')
| data-sort-value="1717" | unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century [[Common Era|CE]]<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.zoolgart.2008.05.003 |title=Towards a cultural history of the Bengalese Finch (Lonchura domestica) |journal=Der Zoologische Garten |volume=77 |issue=5–6 |pages=334–344 |year=2008 |last1=Svanberg |first1=Ingvar }}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Japan]]
| style="text-align:center;"|pets, show, research
|[[File:Rbruni.JPG|130px]]
| Slight physical changes
| Fairly common in captivity; common in the wild
|'''2d''' ''Passeriformes''
|-
|[[Fancy mouse]] a.k.a. [[laboratory mouse]] (''Mus musculus domestica'')
|[[Mus musculus domesticus|Western European house mouse]] (''Mus musculus domesticus'')
| data-sort-value="1600" | 1100 BCE (China), then the 17th century [[Common Era|CE]] (Europe)<ref>Royer, Nichole. [http://www.afrma.org/historymse.htm "The History of Fancy Mice"]. American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association. AFRMA.org. Retrieved on 2015-12-25.</ref> 
| style="text-align:center;"|[[China]]
| style="text-align:center;"|animal feed, racing, research, show, pets
|[[File:Minimouse.jpg|130px]]
| Tame, significant physical changes
| Common in the wild and in captivity
|'''1d''' ''Rodentia''
|-
|[[Fancy rat]] a.k.a. [[laboratory rat]] (''Rattus norvegicus domestica'')
|[[Brown rat]] (''Rattus norvegicus'')
| data-sort-value="1840" | the 19th century [[Common Era|CE]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Royer|first1=Nichole|title=The History of Fancy Rats|url=http://www.afrma.org/historyrat.htm|website=American Fancy Rat & Mouse Association}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|the [[United Kingdom]]
| style="text-align:center;"|animal feed, research, show, pets
|[[File:Ratte-Vache.jpeg|130px]]
| Tame, some physical and psychological changes
| Common in the wild and in captivity
|'''1d''' ''Rodentia''
|-
|[[American mink#Colour mutations|Domestic mink]] (''Neogale vison domesticus'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fureurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Annex2-Mink-Domestication-E.Decuypere-April-2010.pdf|title=Is the Mink Domesticated?|last=Decuypere}}</ref>
|[[American mink]] (''Neogale vison'')
| data-sort-value="1845" | the 19th century [[Common Era|CE]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[North America]]
| style="text-align:center;"|fur, hunting, pest control, pets
|[[File:American Mink - White.jpg|left|130x130px]]
|Some physical and psychological changes
|Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity
 	
|'''1c''' ''Carnivora''
|-
	
|[[Domesticated silver fox]] (''Vulpes vulpes amicus'')
	
|[[American red fox]] (''Vulpes vulpes fulva'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-friday-edition-1.5395387/century-old-photos-from-p-e-i-debunk-famous-study-on-how-foxes-were-tamed-says-scientist-1.5392806
|date=December 13, 2019
|title=Century-old photos from P.E.I. debunk famous study on how foxes were tamed, says scientist
|publisher=[[CBC News]]
|access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/famous-fox-domestication-experiment-challenged-66817
|date=December 4, 2019
|title=Famous Fox Domestication Experiment Challenged
|publisher=[[The Scientist (magazine)|The Scientist]]
|access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saltwire.com/nova-scotia/news/a-discovery-at-a-small-pei-museum-is-challenging-decades-old-scientific-research-about-domesticated-foxes-405489/
|date=January 31, 2020
|title=A discovery at a small P.E.I. museum is challenging decades-old scientific research about domesticated foxes
|publisher=[[SaltWire Network]]
|access-date=7 February 2022}}</ref>
	
| data-sort-value="1951" | the 1800s and the 1950s 
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Prince Edward Island]]; introduced to the [[Soviet Union]] ([[Russia]])
| style="text-align:center;"|fur, pelts, research, pets
	
|[[File:Silberfuchs 08.jpg|130x130px]]
	
| Tame, some physical changes
	
| Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common
|'''1c''' ''Carnivora''
|-
|[[Domesticated hedgehog]]s (''Atelerix albiventris'', ''A. algirus'', ''Hemiechinus auritus'' and ''H. collaris'')
|[[Four-toed hedgehog|Four-toed]] (''Atelerix albiventris''), [[Algerian hedgehog|Algerian]] (''A. algirus''), [[long-eared hedgehog|long-eared]] (''Hemiechinus auritus''), and [[Indian long-eared hedgehog]] (''H. collaris'')
| data-sort-value="1985" | the 1980s
| style="text-align:center;"|[[Central Africa|Central]] and [[Eastern Africa]]
| style="text-align:center;"|pets
|[[File:Baxter flower.jpg|130px]]
| Slight physical changes
| Common in the wild, somewhat rare in captivity
|'''1e''' ''Other mammals''
|}

= Intro =
Welcome to our beginner-friendly aiMOOC on Animals! This course is designed to help you learn basic English while exploring the wonderful world of animals. You'll learn about different types of animals, their names in English, and some fun facts. Get ready for a journey into the animal kingdom that will enrich your English vocabulary in a fun and engaging way.

= Discovering Animals =

Animals are living things that move and eat. They live all over the world, in different places like forests, oceans, and deserts. Let's learn about them!

== Types of Animals ==
There are many types of animals. Some of the main types are:

{{o}} [[Pets]]: Animals that live with people. Examples include dogs and cats.
{{o}} [[Farm Animals]]: Animals that live on a farm. Examples include cows and chickens.
{{o}} [[Wild Animals]]: Animals that live in the wild. Examples include lions and elephants.

== Simple Facts ==
Animals need food, water, and a place to live. They can be very big like an elephant or very small like a bee. Animals have different colors and shapes.

= Interactive Activities =

== Quiz: Test Your Knowledge ==
Try this simple quiz to see what you have learned about animals.

{{:Multiple-Choice Anfang}}

'''What do pets need to be happy?'''
(Love and care)
(!A car)
(!A phone)
(!Shoes)

'''Where do farm animals live?'''
(On a farm)
(!In the city)
(!In the ocean)
(!On the moon)

...and more questions in the same format.

{{:Multiple-Choice Ende}}
<br>

== Match the Pair ==
Match the animal with its habitat or characteristic.

<div class="memo-quiz">
{|
|-
| Dog || Pet
|-
| Cow || Farm Animal
|-
| Elephant || Wild Animal
|}
{{:Memo Ende}}
<br>
== Fill in the Blanks ==
Complete the sentences with the correct animal names.

<quiz display=simple>
{'''Fill in the blanks.'''<br>
|type="{}"}
A dog is a { pet }. A lion is a { wild animal }. A chicken is a { farm animal }.
</quiz>
= Simple Tasks =
Try these simple activities to practice your English and learn more about animals.

=== Very Easy ===
{{o}} Draw your favorite animal and write its name in English.
{{o}} Watch a cartoon about animals and list the animals you see.

=== Easy ===
{{o}} Make a poster of five animals and their names in English.
{{o}} Find out what your favorite animal likes to eat and where it lives.

= Discussion and Sharing =
Talk about the animals you learned about with your friends or family. What is your favorite animal and why? Share your drawings and posters.

= Explore More =
Learn more about animals with these simple resources:

<iframe> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal </iframe>
= Conclusion =
Congratulations on completing this beginner-friendly course on animals! You've learned new English words and interesting facts about animals. Keep practicing your English and exploring the world around you.

[[Kategorie:AI_MOOC]] [[Kategorie:GPT aiMOOC]]



{{:MOOCit - Oben}}

= Intro =
Welcome to our comprehensive aiMOOC on Animals! In this course, you'll explore the fascinating world of animals, learn about different species, their habitats, behaviors, and the importance of biodiversity. Get ready to dive deep into the animal kingdom, enhance your English vocabulary, and engage in various interactive activities designed to test your knowledge and spark your creativity.

= Animals: A Journey Through the Kingdom =

Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently at some point in their lives. Their body is composed of cells that are differentiated for various functions.

== Classification of Animals ==
Animals can be broadly classified into several groups:

{{o}} [[Vertebrates]]: Animals with a backbone. This includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish.
{{o}} [[Invertebrates]]: Animals without a backbone, such as insects, arachnids, mollusks, and crustaceans.
{{o}} [[Endangered Species]]: Species that are in danger of extinction due to habitat destruction, pollution, overhunting, and other factors.

== Habitats and Ecosystems ==
Animals inhabit every corner of the globe, from the deepest oceans to the highest mountains. Each species has adapted to thrive in its specific habitat, contributing to the biodiversity of the planet.

{{o}} [[Tropical Rainforests]]: Home to more than half of the world's species.
{{o}} [[Deserts]]: Adaptations to survive in extreme heat and dryness.
{{o}} [[Oceans]]: The largest habitat on Earth, home to a vast array of life.

= Interaktive Aufgaben =

== Quiz: Teste Dein Wissen ==
Let's see how much you've learned about animals! Try this quiz to test your knowledge.

{{:Multiple-Choice Anfang}}

'''What characteristic do all animals share?'''
(Multicellular organisms)
(!Made of single cells)
(!Can perform photosynthesis)
(!Have cell walls)

'''Which animal is not a mammal?'''
(Dolphin)
(!Shark)
(!Bat)
(!Whale)

...and more questions in the same format.

{{:Multiple-Choice Ende}}
<br>

== Memory ==
Match the following pairs related to animals and their characteristics.

<div class="memo-quiz">
{|
|-
| Mammal || Warm-blooded
|-
| Reptile || Cold-blooded
|-
| Insect || Six legs
|}
{{:Memo Ende}}
<br>
== Kreuzworträtsel ==
Solve this crossword puzzle with clues related to animals.

<div class="kreuzwort-quiz">
{|
|-
| Mammal || Animal with hair or fur
|-
| Amphibian || Lives both on land and in water
|-
| Carnivore || Feeds on meat
|}
{{:Kreuzwort Ende}}
<br>
== LearningApps ==
Check out this interactive game on animals:

<iframe> https://learningapps.org/index.php?s=Animals </iframe>
== Lückentext ==
Complete the text by filling in the blanks with the correct terms related to animals.

<quiz display=simple>
{'''Complete the text.'''<br>
|type="{}"}
Animals are { multicellular } organisms that form the biological kingdom { Animalia }. Unlike plants, animals { move } independently at some point in their life.
</quiz>
= Offene Aufgaben =
Engage in these activities to deepen your understanding of animals and their importance.

=== Easy ===
{{o}} Research and write about your favorite animal, including its habitat, diet, and interesting facts.
{{o}} Draw a picture of an animal in its natural habitat.

=== Intermediate ===
{{o}} Create a poster about endangered animals and what can be done to protect them.
{{o}} Conduct an interview with a local wildlife expert or visit a zoo and learn about animal conservation.

=== Hard ===
{{o}} Develop a project to help preserve a local endangered species.
{{o}} Write an essay on the impact of human activity on wildlife.

= Mündliche Prüfung =
Prepare for an oral exam with these questions that focus on understanding and applying knowledge about animals.

{{o}} Discuss the importance of biodiversity and how animals contribute to it.
{{o}} Explain the concept of food chains and give examples involving different animals.
{{o}} Describe how animals adapt to their habitats and the challenges they face due to environmental changes.

= OERs zum Thema =
Explore more about animals with this Wikipedia article:

<iframe> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal </iframe>
= Links =
Review the key points of this course and explore more in-depth information:

{| align=center
{{:D-Tab}}
'''[[Animals]]'''
{{o}} [[Vertebrates|Vertebrates]]
{{o}} [[Invertebrates|Invertebrates]]
{{o}} [[Endangered Species|Endangered Species]]
|}

= Teilen - Diskussion - Bewerten =
Engage with fellow learners, share your projects, and discuss your insights on animals. Don't forget to rate the course and provide feedback!

{{:Teilen - MOOCit}}
[[Kategorie:AI_MOOC]] [[Kategorie:GPT aiMOOC]]